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The present study has examined the effect of export and import of different classifications of technology on the growth of Iranian manufacturing industry during the period 1998-2011 based on two models (a & b). Model a tests the effect of high-tech manufacturing industry on the growth. Then, import of high-tech industry is added to Model b and the effect of export is evaluated in the presence of import. The findings of Model b indicated that in the presence of import, the export of high-tech industry has the positive effect on the growth while the effect of such level of technology import is negative. An important principle to achieve a specific level of development in developing countries is that they should consider import of low-tech goods and export of high techgoods in the early stages of growth. Therefore, since Iran is a developing country, high-tech import could not have a positive effect on growth. Accordingly, the effect of export, with the presence of import,on growth of low-tech industry was tested and insignificant export variable revealed that import plays more important role than export on growth in Iranian low-tech industry.

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Governments and firms in accordance to their duties, obliged to inevitably contracts with Individuals and legal entities, especially in auction and tender process. Since, the law of conducting tenders and auctions is lacking efficiency and has major objection, therefore, this has led to the dissemination and development of areas of corruption in these contracts (through collusion). In this paper, in order to eliminate collusion, the Nash equilibrium points have been obtained by designing a static game and solving it using game theory. The results show the maximum of the ceiling prices, As well as the minimum of floor prices at which the bidder chooses to eliminate collusion between the two tenderers. At last, it is recommended that the governments and bidding firms use the results of this research and neutralize collusion by setting ceiling and floor prices.

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The financial crisis is one of the most important challenges facing many countries so far. One of the most important consequences of the financial crisis is the currency crisis, which creates pressure on the currency market.
The purpose of this paper is to examine the pressure of exchange market among developing and developed countries that were affected of global financial crisis (2007-2009). By using quantile regression, The effect of internal factors on the pressure exchange market in these countries was examined in three periods: the pre-crisis period 2000-2006, in the crisis conditions of 2007-2009 and the post-crisis period 2010-2017.
The results of the study show that the financial crisis can make difficult for both groups of developing and developed countries. in such sensitive conditions that the slightest change and fluctuation in the exchange rate causes increases or decreases the pressure on the currency market through impact on the mentioned variables.
Therefore, in this situation, a level of intervention is needed to achieve the target exchange rate and to avoid pressure on the currency market. The results also showed that both groups of countries are sensitive to the crisis conditions which can affect the currency market pressure.
Overall, the results of this study demonstrate the importance of applying policy. For developing countries, the increase in domestic credit and capital flows during the financial crisis and post-crisis period reveals the impact of monetary policy on currency market pressure. Therefore, after the crisis, developing countries are more exposed to currency market pressure than developed countries because variables such as domestic credit and capital flows that represent government monetary policy, have positive effect and increase the pressure on the currency market.

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The successful economies are ones that have effective system to transform knowledge and technology in economic capacity. They have complex system that is an important sector of their economy. The current approach moving to knowledge based society is attention to R&D activities and high technologies. In this path, industrial companies can have a vital role in creating, developing and applying of innovation. In this paper, meanwhile analyze the absorptive capacity and innovation in Iran; we analyzed the determinant factors of R&D activity as a proxy for absorptive capacity and innovation in Iran's industries by using GMM approach in dynamic panel data (DPD) for the period of 2009-2013. The all industries are classified in 23 industrial sectors on the base of two-digit codes of ISIC. The results showed the firm size, labor productivity, and value of production and export are determinant factors of innovational activities in Iran's industries. Therefore, we suggest the support of improving of absorptive capacity and innovation through attention to determinant factors.