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The increasing of non-performing loans, (NPLs) and consequently, instabilities that may happen in the future. Therefore, research in this issue causes some findings that rots of the problems in order to prevent the growth of non-performing loans in awarded facilities. The potential and actual collection of non-performing loans creates desirable condition for both banking system and Recipients of bank facilities. The present study stimulates and checks the relationship between financial distress Recipients of bank facilities and amount of bank non-performing loans of period by using system dynamics approaches. The model is designed using VENSIM Software. The result of Sceneries imitation at the end of the period of study shows that reduction in expected inflation, reduction in unemployment and reduction in interest rates will have significant effect in reducing the amount of bank non-performing loans. 

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In this study, to measure financial instability and assess the probability of a financial crisis, we make a composite index which is a weighted average of Non-Performing Loans ratio, and volatilities in the stock price index by using Iranian quarterly time series for the periods of 79q1 until 93q4. Then, in order to investigate the affecting factors on Iran’s Financial Instability, a basic model is estimated which, the financial instability index is influenced by the gap of credit growth rate, output gap, the index of central bank credibility, inflation, and the growth rate of public sector debt in the banking system. The results indicate that an increase in the gap of credit growth reduces the Financial Instability. Furthermore, the output gap has a negative and significant effect on the index of Financial Instability. In addition, a higher credibility of the central bank in the commitment to the targeted inflation leads to increase in Financial Stability. As expected, an increase in inflation and public sector debt in the banking system raises the instability of the economy. moreover, to evaluate the robustness of the results, we add the square of the gap of growth rate credit to the model as an explanatory variable. The results indicate that growth rate credit has a non-linearity relationship with Financial Stability, which induces the existence of an optimal level of credit growth rate. So the excessive credits can increase vulnerability and economic instability.
 

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In this paper, the linkages between oil price changes, macroeconomic fluctuations and fragility of banks in Iran have been examined by taking account of some macroeconomic variables as well as bank-level variables of 11 Iranian banks from 1384 to 1396. For the empirical investigation, dynamic panel data models have been used. The models have been estimated by Generalized Method of Moments and Panel Vector Autoregressive. The results suggest that a low growth of oil price has been led to a decreasing growth rate of loans, which cause a relatively slower growth rate of non-performing loans ratio (NPL). However, in most oil-exporting countries, the reduction of oil price growth lead to an increase in NPL. On the other hand, non-oil GDP growth and stock index growth have negative relationship with NPL. There is also a negative feedback relationship between NPL and non-oil GDP growth. An unfavorable oil price and non-oil GDP growth shocks would lead to an increases in NPL. As a result, the negative effect of non-oil GDP growth, due to the increases in NPL (Fragility of Banks) , has a negative effect on the real sector of economy.